Sacar una consecuencia o deducir algo de otra cosa.

DRAE. Diccionario de la Lengua Española.

Ataques que se basan en información deducida lógicamente a partir de piezas aparentemente inconexas.

something that you can find out indirectly from what you already know.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.

Inference Attacks rely on the user to make logical connections between seemingly unrelated pieces of information.

http://www.sans.org/security-resources/glossary-of-terms/